Presets Reference

This document lists all available presets in MIDI Sketch.

Structure Patterns

18 song structure patterns are available:

ID	Name	Bars	Duration @120 BPM	Sections
0	StandardPop	24	2:00	A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)
1	BuildUp	28	2:20	Intro(4)-A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)
2	DirectChorus	16	1:20	A(8)-Chorus(8)
3	RepeatChorus	32	2:40	A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)-Chorus(8)
4	ShortForm	12	1:00	Intro(4)-Chorus(8)
5	FullPop	56	4:40	Intro-A-B-Chorus-A-B-Chorus-Outro
6	FullWithBridge	52	4:20	Intro-A-B-Chorus-Bridge-Chorus-Outro
7	DriveUpbeat	52	4:20	Intro-Chorus-A-B-Chorus-Chorus-Outro
8	Ballad	56	4:40	Intro(8)-A-B-Chorus-Interlude-B-Chorus-Outro
9	AnthemStyle	52	4:20	Intro-A-Chorus-A-B-Chorus-Chorus-Outro
10	ExtendedFull	90	7:30	Full form with extended sections
11	ChorusFirst	32	2:40	Chorus(8)-A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)
12	ChorusFirstShort	24	2:00	Chorus(8)-A(8)-Chorus(8)
13	ChorusFirstFull	56	4:40	Chorus-A-B-Chorus-A-B-Chorus
14	ImmediateVocal	24	2:00	A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8) (no intro)
15	ImmediateVocalFull	48	4:00	A-B-Chorus-A-B-Chorus (no intro)
16	AChorusB	32	2:40	A(8)-Chorus(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)
17	DoubleVerse	32	2:40	A(8)-A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)

Section Types

Type	Vocal Density	Energy	Purpose
Intro	None/Sparse	Low	Establish mood
A	Full	Medium-Low	Verse, storytelling
B	Full	Medium	Pre-chorus, tension
Chorus	Full	High	Hook, payoff
Bridge	Sparse	Medium	Contrast
Interlude	None	Medium-Low	Instrumental break
Outro	Sparse	Medium-Low	Resolution

Duration Calculation

At 120 BPM: 1 bar ≈ 2 seconds. Use targetDurationSeconds=0 to use the exact pattern duration, or specify a target duration for auto-generated structures.

Mood Presets

24 mood presets define the overall feel:

ID	Name	BPM	Drum Style	Character
0	StraightPop	120	Standard	Classic pop groove
1	BrightUpbeat	128	Upbeat	Syncopated, energetic
2	EnergeticDance	130	FourOnFloor	Dance-oriented
3	LightRock	125	Rock	Guitar-oriented feel
4	MidPop	115	Standard	Balanced mid-tempo
5	EmotionalPop	110	Standard	Sentimental, softer
6	Sentimental	95	Sparse	Ballad-like
7	Chill	100	Sparse	Relaxed, minimal
8	Ballad	80	Sparse	Slow, sparse drums
9	DarkPop	118	Synth	Darker, dramatic
10	Dramatic	115	Standard	High expression
11	Nostalgic	105	Standard	Retro feel
12	ModernPop	125	Synth	Contemporary
13	ElectroPop	135	FourOnFloor	Electronic, dance
14	IdolPop	138	FourOnFloor	J-pop idol style
15	Anthem	120	Standard	Triumphant, grand
16	Yoasobi	148	Synth	Anime-style, high-energy
17	Synthwave	118	Synth	Retro synth, neon
18	FutureBass	145	Synth	Modern electronic
19	CityPop	110	Standard	80s city pop vibe
20	RnBNeoSoul	85-100	Standard	R&B/Neo-Soul, strong swing, extended chords
21	LatinPop	95	Standard	Latin Pop, dembow rhythm, tresillo bass
22	Trap	70	Synth	Trap, half-time feel, 808 sub-bass, hi-hat rolls
23	Lofi	80	Sparse	Lo-fi, strong swing, max velocity 90

Mood Categories

Chord Progressions

22 chord progressions from simple to complex:

Basic (2-3 Chords)

ID	Name	Degrees	Use Case
5	Minimal	I-IV	Simple, folk
6	AltMinimal	I-V	Power pop
7	Progression3	I-vi-IV	Three-chord pop

Standard (4 Chords)

ID	Name	Degrees	Use Case
0	Pop4	I-V-vi-IV	Universal pop
1	Axis	vi-IV-I-V	Melancholic
2	Komuro	vi-IV-V-I	Bright J-pop
4	Emotional4	vi-V-IV-V	Building tension
8	Rock4	I-bVII-IV-I	Rock feel

Extended (5+ Chords)

ID	Name	Degrees	Use Case
3	Canon	I-V-vi-iii-IV	Classic
9	Extended5	I-V-vi-iii-IV	Full progression
10	Emotional5	vi-IV-I-V-ii	Complex emotional

Style Presets

17 style presets that combine mood, structure, and composition approach:

Choosing a Style Preset

Style presets provide sensible defaults for BPM, structure, vocal attitude, and recommended chord progressions. You can override any of these settings after calling createDefaultConfig().

ID	Name	Description	Default BPM
0	Minimal Groove Pop	Repetitive 2-4 chord loops, simple melody	122
1	Dance Pop Emotion	Classic structure, emotional chorus release	128
2	Bright Pop	Upbeat, memorable melodies with simple structure	135
3	Idol Standard	Unison-friendly, memorable melodies	140
4	Idol Emotion	Emotional idol songs with building pre-chorus	130
5	Idol Energy	High-energy idol songs for live performances	150
6	Idol Minimal	Minimal idol songs for short-form content	135
7	Rock Shout	Aggressive vocals with raw expression	125
8	Pop Emotion	Word-driven emotional pop with lyrical focus	108
9	Raw Emotional	Intense emotional expression with boundary-breaking phrases	102
10	Acoustic Pop	Clear harmony, rhythm-light, vocal-centered	95
11	Live Call & Response	Concert-ready with call-response structure	140
12	Background Motif	Motif-driven with subdued vocals, ambient feel	120
13	City Pop	Groovy 80s Japanese city pop with jazzy chords	105
14	Anime Opening	Epic, dramatic anime OP style with building energy	142
15	EDM Synth Pop	Modern electronic dance music with synth leads	138
16	Emotional Ballad	Slow emotional ballad with expressive vocals	78

Style Categories

Category	IDs	Description
Pop/Dance	0-2	General pop and dance styles
Idol	3-6	Japanese idol music styles
Rock/Emo	7-9	Rock and emotional styles with raw expression
Special/Derived	10-12	Acoustic, live, and ambient styles
Genre-Specific	13-16	City pop, anime, EDM, and ballad styles

Composition Styles

3 composition approaches:

Style	Focus	Vocal	Aux	Key Features
MelodyLead (0)	Vocal melody	Yes	Yes	Full melodic expression
BackgroundMotif (1)	Repeating pattern	No	Yes	Motif as main element, Aux stays active
SynthDriven (2)	Synth/Arpeggio	No	No	Electronic, arpeggio requires manual arpeggioEnabled=true

BGM-Only Modes

BackgroundMotif and SynthDriven do not generate vocal tracks. BackgroundMotif keeps Aux active for sub-melody support. SynthDriven disables both Vocal and Aux. Use MelodyLead for songs with vocals.

Production Blueprints

10 production blueprints control how the music is generated (arrangement style), independent of style/mood:

ID	Name	Paradigm	RiffPolicy	Drums Required	Weight
0	Traditional	Traditional	Free	-	42%
1	RhythmLock	RhythmSync	Locked	Yes	14%
2	StoryPop	MelodyDriven	Evolving	-	10%
3	Ballad	MelodyDriven	Free	-	4%
4	IdolStandard	MelodyDriven	Evolving	-	10%
5	IdolHyper	RhythmSync	Locked	Yes	6%
6	IdolKawaii	MelodyDriven	Locked	Yes	5%
7	IdolCoolPop	RhythmSync	Locked	Yes	5%
8	IdolEmo	MelodyDriven	Locked	-	4%
9	BehavioralLoop	Traditional	LockedPitch	-	0%*
255	(Random)	-	-	-	-

*BehavioralLoop: explicit selection only (weight 0%, not randomly selected). Forces addictive_mode=true, HookIntensity=Maximum, RiffPolicy=LockedPitch.

Use blueprintId: 255 for auto-selection based on weights.

Generation Paradigms

Paradigm	Track Order	Description
Traditional	Vocal → Aux → Motif → Bass → Chord → Guitar → Arpeggio → Drums → SE	Classic pop generation
RhythmSync	Motif → Vocal → Aux → Bass → Chord → Guitar → Arpeggio → Drums → SE	Motif-first, rhythm-locked groove
MelodyDriven	Vocal → Aux → Motif → Bass → Chord → Guitar → Arpeggio → Drums → SE	Melody-centered, accompaniment follows

RiffPolicy

Policy	Value	Description
Free	0	Each section varies independently
LockedContour	1	Contour locked, rhythm varies
LockedPitch	2	Pitch fully locked, velocity varies
LockedAll	3	All aspects locked
Evolving	4	Gradual changes (30% chance every 2 sections)

Note: Locked is an alias for LockedContour (1).

Blueprint Override

When using a non-Traditional blueprint (ID 1-9), the formId setting is overridden by the blueprint's section flow. Use ID 0 (Traditional) to keep full control of form structure.

MelodyLead

BackgroundMotif

No Vocal in BackgroundMotif

BackgroundMotif disables the Vocal track. The Aux track remains active and provides sub-melody support alongside the motif.

SynthDriven

No Vocal/Aux in SynthDriven

SynthDriven disables both the Vocal and Aux tracks. Arpeggio must be manually enabled (arpeggioEnabled=true) as it is not auto-enabled.

Arpeggio Patterns

8 arpeggio patterns for SynthDriven composition style:

ID	Name	Description
0	Up	Ascending pattern
1	Down	Descending pattern
2	UpDown	Up then down pattern
3	Random	Random note order
4	Pinwheel	Rotating pattern
5	PedalRoot	Root pedal tone with moving upper voices
6	Alberti	Classical Alberti bass pattern
7	BrokenChord	Broken chord pattern

Vocal Attitudes

3 melodic expression levels:

Attitude	Characteristics	Best For
Clean	Chord tones only, on-beat	Pop, ballad
Expressive	Tensions, timing variation	Emotional, dynamic
Raw	Non-chord tones, boundary breaking	Edgy, modern

Melody Templates

7 melody templates define the core melodic behavior using a template-driven approach:

ID	Name	Plateau	Max Step	Use Case
0	Auto	-	-	VocalStylePreset-based selection
1	PlateauTalk	0.65	2	NewJeans, Billie Eilish (talk-sing)
2	RunUpTarget	0.20	4	YOASOBI, Ado (ascending runs)
3	DownResolve	0.30	3	B-section, pre-chorus
4	HookRepeat	0.40	3	TikTok, K-POP hooks
5	SparseAnchor	0.50	2	Ballad, Official髭男dism
6	CallResponse	-	-	Duet patterns
7	JumpAccent	-	-	Emotional peaks

• Plateau ratio: Probability of staying on the same pitch (0.0-1.0)
• Max step: Maximum melodic interval in semitones

Vocal Style Presets

14 vocal style presets that automatically select melody templates:

ID	Name	Template	Character
0	Auto	Section-based	Verse=PlateauTalk, Chorus=RunUpTarget
1	Standard	PlateauTalk	Balanced pop vocal
2	Vocaloid	RunUpTarget	Fast, wide leaps
3	UltraVocaloid	RunUpTarget	Extreme speed (32nd notes)
4	Idol	PlateauTalk	Catchy hooks, high 16th
5	Ballad	SparseAnchor	Slow, sustained
6	Rock	RunUpTarget	Powerful, register shift
7	CityPop	PlateauTalk	Jazzy, groovy
8	Anime	HookRepeat	Dynamic hooks
9	BrightKira	HookRepeat	High register
10	CoolSynth	PlateauTalk	Electronic, precise
11	CuteAffected	HookRepeat	Playful, cute
12	PowerfulShout	RunUpTarget	Intense, shout-y
13	KPop	HookRepeat	K-POP style with syncopation focus and hook-driven melody

Vocal Style Categories

Melodic Complexity

3 complexity levels affecting melody generation:

Level	Effect	Use Case
Simple (0)	Reduced density, smaller leaps, more hooks	Catchy, memorable
Standard (1)	Default behavior	General use
Complex (2)	Increased density, larger leaps, more variation	Sophisticated

Hook Intensity

4 hook repetition levels:

Level	Effect	Use Case
Off (0)	No hook repetition	Progressive, varied
Light (1)	Light hook presence	Subtle callbacks
Normal (2)	Standard repetition	Balanced pop (default)
Strong (3)	Strong hook emphasis	Catchy, commercial

Vocal Groove Feel

6 rhythm feel options:

Groove	Effect	Best For
Straight (0)	On-beat, no swing	Pop, rock
OffBeat (1)	Off-beat emphasis	Reggae-influenced
Swing (2)	Swing timing	Jazz, R&B
Syncopated (3)	Syncopated rhythm	Latin, funk
Driving16th (4)	16th note drive	Electronic, fast pop
Bouncy8th (5)	Bouncy 8th notes	Upbeat pop

Syncopation Dependency

The syncopation effects of VocalGroove (OffBeat, Swing, Syncopated, Driving16th, Bouncy8th) only take effect when enableSyncopation=true. When enableSyncopation=false, syncopation weight is forced to 0.0, syncopation_prob is set to 0.0, and allow_bar_crossing is set to false. Timing offsets (e.g., +30 ticks for OffBeat) are applied regardless of the enableSyncopation setting.

Energy Curve

4 energy curve options control how energy progresses throughout the song:

Value	Name	Description
0	GradualBuild	Gradually building energy (default)
1	FrontLoaded	High energy from the start, settling later
2	WavePattern	Wave-like energy progression
3	SteadyState	Maintain consistent energy level

Mora Rhythm Mode

3 rhythm modes for syllable timing:

Value	Name	Description
0	Standard	English stress-timed rhythm
1	MoraTimed	Japanese mora-timed (equal syllable groups)
2	Auto	Auto-select from VocalStylePreset (default)

Melody Overrides

Fine-grained melody parameters that override VocalStylePreset and MelodicComplexity defaults. Sentinel values (0, 0xFF, -128) preserve preset defaults.

Parameter	Range	Default	Description
melodyMaxLeap	0=preset, 1-12	0	Maximum melodic leap in semitones
melodySyncopationProb	0-100, 0xFF=preset	0xFF	Syncopation probability (%)
melodyPhraseLength	0=preset, 1-8	0	Phrase length in bars
melodyLongNoteRatio	0-100, 0xFF=preset	0xFF	Long note ratio (%)
melodyChorusRegisterShift	-12 to +12, -128=preset	-128	Chorus register shift in semitones
melodyHookRepetition	0=preset, 1=off, 2=on	0	Hook repetition (tri-state)
melodyUseLeadingTone	0=preset, 1=off, 2=on	0	Leading tone insertion at section boundaries (tri-state)

Parameter Application Order

Melody overrides are applied after StylePreset, VocalStylePreset, and MelodicComplexity. User-specified values always take the highest priority.

Motif Overrides

Fine-grained motif parameters that override style defaults:

Parameter	Range	Default	Description
motifLength	0=auto, 1/2/4	0	Motif length in beats
motifNoteCount	0=auto, 3-8	0	Number of notes in the motif
motifMotion	0xFF=preset, 0-4	0xFF	Motion type (0=Stepwise, 1=GentleLeap, 2=WideLeap, 3=NarrowStep, 4=Disjunct; internal 5=Ostinato)
motifRegisterHigh	0=auto, 1=low, 2=high	0	Register range
motifRhythmDensity	0xFF=preset, 0-2	0xFF	Rhythm density (0=Sparse, 1=Medium, 2=Driving)

Drive Feel

Continuous value 0-100 controlling performance intensity:

• 0 = Laid-back (relaxed timing, lower velocity)
• 50 = Neutral (default)
• 100 = Aggressive (ahead timing, higher velocity, enhanced syncopation with enableSyncopation=true)

Key Options

12 keys available (0-11):

ID	Key	Notes
0	C	Natural, no sharps/flats
1	C# / Db	5 sharps / 7 flats
2	D	2 sharps
3	D# / Eb	3 flats
4	E	4 sharps
5	F	1 flat
6	F# / Gb	6 sharps / 6 flats
7	G	1 sharp
8	G# / Ab	4 flats
9	A	3 sharps
10	A# / Bb	2 flats
11	B	5 sharps

BPM Range

Valid tempo range: 40-240 BPM

BPM Setting

• Set to 0 to use the style preset's default BPM
• Each style preset has an optimal default BPM setting
• BPM outside the 40-240 range will cause validation errors

Configuration Examples

Simple Pop Song

import { createDefaultConfig } from 'midi-sketch'

// Use MinimalGroovePop preset
const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.key = 0                  // C major
config.chordProgressionId = 0   // Pop4 (I-V-vi-IV)
config.formId = 0               // StandardPop
config.bpm = 0                  // Use default (120)
config.drumsEnabled = true

Emotional Ballad

// Use Emotional Ballad preset
const config = createDefaultConfig(16) // Emotional Ballad
config.key = 7                         // G major
config.chordProgressionId = 4          // Emotional4
config.formId = 8                      // Ballad structure
config.bpm = 0                         // Use default (78)
config.drumsEnabled = true

Ballad Tempo

Ballad presets typically have slow default tempos (78-95 BPM). If you need a faster ballad, explicitly set config.bpm.

Anime Opening Style

// Use Anime Opening preset
const config = createDefaultConfig(14) // Anime Opening
config.key = 2                         // D major
config.chordProgressionId = 2          // Komuro
config.bpm = 0                         // Use default (142)
config.drumsEnabled = true
config.vocalStyle = 2                  // Vocaloid style
config.melodicComplexity = 2           // Complex melodies
config.hookIntensity = 3               // Strong hooks

Vocaloid-style Melodies

For YOASOBI/Ado-style dense melodies with wide intervals, use:

• vocalStyle: 2 (Vocaloid) or vocalStyle: 3 (UltraVocaloid)
• melodicComplexity: 2 (Complex)
• melodyTemplate: 2 (RunUpTarget)

Chill Background

// Use Background Motif preset
const config = createDefaultConfig(12)  // Background Motif
config.key = 5                          // F major
config.chordProgressionId = 5           // Minimal
config.formId = 4                       // ShortForm
config.bpm = 95
config.drumsEnabled = false             // No drums for ambient

Background Motif Style

The Background Motif preset (ID 12) is ideal for ambient and BGM-style tracks with subdued vocals and repeating patterns.

Idol Pop with Calls

// Use Idol Standard preset
const config = createDefaultConfig(3)  // Idol Standard
config.key = 0                         // C major
config.callEnabled = true              // Enable call track
config.introChant = 1                  // Gachikoi intro
config.mixPattern = 1                  // Standard mix
config.callDensity = 2                 // Standard density
config.modulationTiming = 1            // Modulate at last chorus
config.modulationSemitones = 2         // Up 2 semitones

Syncopation & Groove

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.enableSyncopation = true        // Enable syncopation
config.vocalGroove = 3                 // Syncopated rhythm

Energy Curve

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.energyCurve = 1                 // FrontLoaded energy

Melody Fine-Grained Control

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.melodyMaxLeap = 5              // Max melodic leap in semitones
config.melodyPhraseLength = 4         // Phrase length in bars
config.melodyHookRepetition = 2       // Hook repetition ON (tri-state: 0=preset, 1=off, 2=on)

Motif Fine-Grained Control

const config = createDefaultConfig(12) // Background Motif
config.motifLength = 4                 // Motif length in beats
config.motifNoteCount = 5             // Number of notes in motif
config.motifMotion = 1                // Motif motion type
config.motifRhythmDensity = 2         // Rhythm density level

Guitar Track

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.guitarEnabled = true            // Enable guitar track

R&B / Neo-Soul

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.stylePresetId = 20             // RnBNeoSoul mood
config.chordExt7th = true             // Enable 7th extensions
config.chordExt9th = true             // Enable 9th extensions

Lo-fi BGM

const config = createDefaultConfig(12) // Background Motif
config.stylePresetId = 23             // Lofi mood
config.compositionStyle = 1           // BackgroundMotif

Mora Timing

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.moraRhythmMode = 1             // MoraTimed (Japanese mora-timed)

BehavioralLoop

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.blueprintId = 9                // BehavioralLoop (addictive loop)